The efficacy of palbociclib and ribociclib in the first-line treatment of metastatic hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer in male patients: a Turkish oncology group (TOG) study.

INTRODUCTION: Male breast cancer, comprising approximately 1% of all breast cancer cases, often leads to the exclusion of male patients as a criterion in clinical trials. While the efficacy of Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors has been established in metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR +) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2 -) breast cancer in women, limited data exist on their effectiveness in male patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of palbociclib or ribociclib in male patients with breast cancer. METHODS: This study is a multicenter, retrospective study. We included male patients with HR + and HER2-metastatic breast cancer who received palbociclib or ribociclib as first-line treatment. Our primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rates (ORR), and drug-related adverse effects. RESULTS: A total of 46 male patients from 27 institutions were enrolled. The median age at initiation of CDK 4/6 inhibitors was 63.64 ± 13.69 years, with a median follow-up of 21.33 (95% CI 14.92-27.74) months. The ORR were 84% for palbociclib and 76.2% for ribociclib. The mPFS for the entire cohort was 28.06 months (95% CI 18.70-37.42). No significant difference in PFS was observed between palbociclib and ribociclib (mPFS: 24.46 months (95% CI 11.51-37.42) vs 28.33 months (95% CI 14.77-41.88), respectively, p = 0.211). No new adverse events were reported. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that palbociclib and ribociclib are effective and safe options for first-line treatment in male patients with HR + /HER2 - metastatic breast cancer. However, further prospective studies are warranted to establish their efficacy in this population.

HALP Score as a New Prognostic Factor for Patients with Metastatic Bladder Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score (Haemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, Platelet count) on survival as a new prognostic factor in metastatic bladder cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Medical Oncology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey, and Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey, from 2010 to 2020. METHODOLOGY: The medical charts of patients with metastatic bladder cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Prognostic value of the HALP score as a marker of overall survival was examined through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: The cut-off value for the HALP score in the ROC curve analysis was 29. The median overall survival (OS) was 19 months when the HALP score was less than 29, and the median OS was 40 months when the HALP score was 29 or greater, and this finding was statistically significant (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The HALP score is closely related to prognosis in metastatic bladder cancer. A high HALP score is associated with better survival outcomes. KEY WORDS: HALP score, Metastatic bladder cancer, Overall survival.

Factors Predicting Response in Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy and the Role of Ki67 Labeling Index.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of Ki67 on pathological complete response (pCR) of breast and axilla regions in breast cancer (BC) patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Departments of Medical Oncology, Sirnak State Hospital, Aydin State Hospital, Manisa Celal Bayar University, and Dokuz Eylul University, from November 2010 to July 2022. METHODOLOGY: PCR and various histopathological parameters were evaluated for BC patients receiving NAT. The Youden Index method was used to find the cut-off value for the Ki67 variable according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. This value was obtained as 77.5. Breast and axillary responses were individually evaluated to assess response to NAT. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to predict both breast and axillary pCR. RESULTS: A total number of 280 females receiving NAT for BC were included in the study. Multivariate analysis for breast pCR to NAT showed that Ki67 index (>77.5 vs <77.5, p=0.047) was statistically significant marker. While Ki67 index was significant for breast pCR in both univariate and multivariate analyses, the same was not observed on axillary response (p=0.387). CONCLUSION: High Ki67 level was significantly associated with breast pCR in BC patients receiving NAT, but a similar effect was not observed on axillary pCR. These findings suggest that breast and axilla tissues have a biological differences in treatment responses. KEY WORDS: Axillary response, Breast cancer, Ki67 Labeling Index, Neoadjuvant therapy, pathological complete response.

A multicentre, multinational study of clinical characteristics and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant health problem, and the associated mortality rate is increasing. Aim: We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and prognosis for HCC in member countries of the OncoBridge Study Group. Methods: We recruited 630 patients diagnosed with HCC between 2013 and 2019 from 4 countries (Türkiye, Russia, Georgia, and Greece). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to investigate clinical and laboratory prognostic factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the prognostic value of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) value. Results: The 3 most common etiological factors were hepatitis B infection (39.7%), hepatitis C virus infection (17.0%) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (9.0%). Median overall survival for the whole group was 25 [95% confidence interval (CI): 15.7-34.2] months. Cut-off values for AFP and NLR were accepted as 200 ng/mL and 3.45, respectively. The area under the ROC curve values for AFP, NLR and NLR+AFP were 0.625 (95% CI: 0.547-0.704), 0.589 (95% CI: 0.512-0.667) and 0.657 (95% CI: 0.583-0.731). From the multivariate analysis, advanced tumour size, lymph node involvement and metastasis (TNM) stage, presence of cirrhosis, high AFP, and high NLR values were associated with poor survival. Conclusion: AFP, NLR, advanced TNM, and presence of cirrhosis may predict prognosis in patients with HCC. Studies involving more countries are needed to corroborate these findings.

The inflammatory prognostic index as a potential predictor of prognosis in metastatic gastric cancer.

Clinical studies aimed at identifying effective and simple prognostic markers for gastric cancer are still being carried out. Inflammatory prognostic index (IPI) is being recognized as a promising prognostic marker in patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. To evaluate the prognostic utility of IPI in stage 4 gastric cancer. A total of 152 patients with stage 4 gastric cancer, whose laboratory parameters, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) data could be accessed, were evaluated. Kaplan Meier analysis was used for survival analyses. Hazard ratios were expressed with 95% CI values. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Study was approved by the Manisa Celal Bayar University's Non-Invasive Clinical Research Ethics Committee (approval No. E-85252386-050.04.04-49119, date: 22.03.2021). We confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with relevant named guidelines and regulations. Median age at diagnosis was 63 years (range: 32-88). The number of patients who received first-line chemotherapy was 129 (84.9%). Median PFS with first-line treatment was 5.3 months, while it was 3.3 months with second-line treatment. Median OS was 9.4 months. Median IPI score was 22.2. We evaluated IPI score for its value in detecting survival status with ROC analysis and identified an IPI cut-off score of 14.6. Low IPI score was significantly associated with longer PFS and OS compared to high IPI (PFS in high vs. low IPI, 3.6 vs. 7 months; p < 0.001) (OS in high vs. low IPI, 6.6 vs. 14.2 months; p < 0.001). IPI score can be an independent prognostic index that is inexpensive, easy to access and evaluate for patients with metastatic gastric cancer, and may be useful in predicting survival in daily practice.

Treatment efficacy of ribociclib or palbociclib plus letrozole in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Ribociclib, palbociclib and abemaciclib are currently approved CDK4/6 inhibitors along with aromatase inhibitors as the first-line standard-of-care for patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Methods: The authors report retrospective real-life data for 600 patients with estrogen receptor- and/or progesterone receptor-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who were treated with ribociclib and palbociclib in combination with letrozole. Results & conclusion: The results demonstrated that the combination of palbociclib or ribociclib with letrozole has similar progression-free survival and overall survival benefit in real life for the patient group with similar clinical features. Specifically, endocrine sensitivity may be a factor to be considered in the treatment preference.

Real-life comparison of afatinib and erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer with rare EGFR exon 18 and exon 20 mutations: a Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the survival of first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with rare EGFR exon 18 and exon 20 mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated survival characteristics of 125 patients with EGFR exon 18 and exon 20 mutated NSCLC who received erlotinib or afatinib as first line treatment between 2012 and 2021 from 34 oncology centres. Since exon 20 insertion is associated with TKI resistance, these 18 patients were excluded from the study. RESULTS: EGFR exon 18 mutations were seen in 60%, exon 20 mutations in 16%, and complex mutations in 24% of the patients with NSCLC who were evaluated for the study. There were 75 patients in erlotinib treated arm and 50 patients in afatinib arm. Patients treated with erlotinib had progression-free survival time (PFS) of 8.0 months and PFS was 7.0 months in the afatinib arm (p = 0.869), while overall survival time (OS) was 20.0 vs 24.8 months, respectively (p = 0.190). PFS of exon 18 mutated arm was 7.0 months, exon 20 mutated arm was 4.3 months, and complex mutation positive group was 17.3 months, and this was statistically significant (p = 0.036). The longest OS was 32.5 months, seen in the complex mutations group, which was not statistically different than exon 18 and in exon 20 mutated groups (21.0 and 21.2 months, respectively) (p = 0.323). CONCLUSION: In this patient group, especially patients with complex mutations are as sensitive to EGFR TKI treatment similar to classical mutations, and in patients with rare exon 18 and exon 20 EGFR mutation both first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs should be considered, especially as first- and second-line options.

Efficacy and safety of folfiri plus aflibercept in second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: Real-life data from Turkish oncology group.

Aims: The addition of aflibercept to the fluorouracil and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) regimen significantly improved clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) previously treated with oxaliplatin. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of second-line FOLFIRI and aflibercept combination in patients with metastatic CRC in real-life experience. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and thirty-three patients who treated with FOLFIRI and aflibercept in the second-line were included in the study. The clinical and pathological features of the patients were recorded retrospectively. Survival (overall and progression-free survival [PFS]), response rates, and safety data were analyzed. Results: The median age was 61. Majority of patients (87.5%) received first-line bevacizumab and 10.1% of patients received anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents. About 80% of patients had KRAS, 18.6% of patients had NRAS, and 6.4% of patients had BRAF mutations. The median OS was 11.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.6-12.6) and the median PFS was 6 months (95% CI, 5.5-6.5). About 4.6% of patients had complete response and 30.6% of patients had partial response as best tumor response. Grade 1-2 toxicities were seen in 33.4% of patients, while grade 3-4 toxicities were recorded in 27% of patients. Eight patients (2%) died due to treatment toxicity. Conclusions: Overall and PFS were similar in routine clinical practice compared to phase III pivotal VELOUR trial. However, response rates were found to be higher. It was observed that there were fewer adverse events compared to the VELOUR trial.

Inflammatory Prognostic Index in Metastatic Renal Carcinoma Treated with Nivolumab.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of inflammatory prognostic index (IPI), albumin, c-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as predictive biomarkers of oncologic outcome in metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) patients treated with nivolumab. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Manisa Celal Bayar University, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Bitlis Tatvan State Hospital and Private Hatay Defne Hospital Medical Oncology Clinics, Turkey, from January 2017 to June 2020. METHODOLOGY: Seventy-five mRCC patients treated with nivolumab between January 2017 and June 2020 were enrolled. Several factors were retrospectively investigated, including IPI, CRP, LDH, and albumin level, for their association with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The IPI was calculated as CRP × NLR/albumin. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of relevant factors. RESULTS: When analysed according to the calculated IPI score, it is seen that the group with <2.153 has an OS duration of 96.3 months, while the group with ≥2.153 has a shorter time of 42.9 months (p=0.02). In the analysis performed according to albumin level, it was reported that those with low levels (22.8 months) had worse median OS than those with high levels (92.8 months) (p=0.004). According to the cox regression analysis results, it was determined that those with a high IPI score significantly increased the risk of death compared to those with a low score (HR:2.4, p=0.023). However, this significance could not be confirmed in the multivariate analysis. It was analysed that those with low albumin levels significantly increased the risk of death compared to both univariate analysis (HR:3.3, p=0.007) and multivariate analysis (HR:4.4, p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Those with high IPI scores and low albumin levels were associated with worse median OS. However, only the multivariate analysis analysed albumin level as an independent prognostic variable. Prospective and more extensive research is needed to consolidate the potential prognostic power of these markers. KEY WORDS: Albumin, Immune checkpoint inhibitor, IPI score, Metastatic renal cell carcinoma, Nivolumab, overall survival, Progression-free survival.

Clinical outcomes of cyclin-dependent kinase 4-6 (CDK 4-6) inhibitors in patients with male breast cancer: A multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Since breast cancer is less common in men than in women, data on the use of new therapeutic agents, including cyclin-dependent kinase 4-6 (CDK 4-6) inhibitors, are limited in patients with metastatic hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) male breast cancer. Therefore; we aimed to investigate the treatment responses of metastatic HR+, HER2-male breast cancer patients treated with CDK 4-6 inhibitors in a multicenter real-life cohort. METHODS: Male patients with a diagnosis of HR+ and HER2-metastatic breast cancer, treated with any CDK 4-6 inhibitor, were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. We aimed to determine progression-free survival (PFS) time, response rates and drug related side effects. RESULTS: A total 25 patients from 14 institutions were recruited. The mean age at diagnosis was 57 years. Median follow-up was 19.53 (95% CI: 14.04-25.02) months. The overall response rate was 60%. While the median PFS was 20.6 months in the whole cohort, it wasn't reached in those using CDK 4-6 inhibitors in first line and 10 months in the subsequent lines (p:0.009). No new adverse events were encountered. CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that CDK 4-6 inhibitors are effective and safe options in men with HR+ and HER2-metastatic breast cancer as in women. Our results support the use of CDK 4-6 inhibitor-based combinations in the first-line treatment of HR+ and HER2-metastatic male breast cancer.

Systemic Immune Inflammation Index as a Key Marker of Survival and Immune-related Adverse Events in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic significance of the new index designed by formulating neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts in patients with metastatic disease receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and its effect on the immune-related adverse events (irAEs). STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Medical Oncology, University of Manisa Celal Bayar, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, and University of Ege, and Izmir Kent Hospital, Turkey, from January 2016 to April 2020. METHODOLOGY: Patients with metastatic disease receiving ICI sufficient follow-up data were included. Patients, who had received treatment for a minimum of 3 months, were evaluated for the response. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was calculated as neutrophil (/L) × (lymphocyte (/L) / platelet (/L). The cut-off value was determined by examining the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the SII value. The endpoints of this study included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 168, patients who received ICI in the metastatic stage, were evaluated. The OS of the patients with low SII scores was 110.8 months (95% CI, 88.2-133.5), while patients with high SII scores were 36.0 months (95% CI, 28.4-43.6) and reached statistical significance (p <0.001). The results of univariate (HR=3.376, 95% CI, 1.986-5.739, p<0.001 and multivariate (HR=2.792, 95% CI, 1.495-5.215, p=0.011) analyses were statistically significant as well. CONCLUSION: The SII score in patients with metastatic disease receiving ICI was closely related to the prognosis. Patients with a high SII score are associated with a worse prognosis, these patients develop fewer irAEs. KEY WORDS: Systemic immune inflammation index, Overall survival, Progression-free survival, Immune checkpoint inhibitor, Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab.

Factors affecting the serologic response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with solid tumors: A prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors affecting seropositivity and antibody levels after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer because they were excluded from clinical studies of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. METHODS: This prospective, observational, single-center study included 290 patients with solid tumors followed up in our medical oncology clinic between March 2021 and August 2021. SARS-CoV-2 antibody status was determined before the first dose of vaccine. Fifty-one patients with positive prevaccine baseline antibody tests were excluded from the study, regardless of whether they had previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity. To determine the quantitative IgG antibody response of the vaccines, blood samples were collected at least 28 days after each dose of vaccine. Quantitative IgG levels against virus spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) were measured using chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLIA). Demographic and clinical features affecting seropositivity were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one (69.3%) patients were vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac followed by one dose of BNT162b2 (Biontech) (group 1). Sixty-seven (30.7%) patients were vaccinated with three doses of BNT162b2 (group 2). The proportion of patients who developed seropositivity was significantly higher in group 2 (78.6% vs. 54.9%, p < 0.012). Antibody response increased significantly after the second dose of vaccine in both groups. Female sex, being younger than 65 years, and chemotherapy status were significantly related to higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels (p = 0.033, p = 0.036, and p = 0.047, respectively). Antibody levels were significantly higher in patients who had previously received chemotherapy than in patients receiving active chemotherapy (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to evaluate basal SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels before the first dose of vaccine and after three doses in patients with solid tumors. The rate of development of seropositivity with two doses of mRNA vaccine was found to be higher than with two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. More attention should be paid to preventive measures in addition to vaccination in patients aged over 65 years and men with cancer diagnoses.

Atezolizumab combined with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a real-life data of the Turkish Oncology Group.

PURPOSE: Atezolizumab has been shown to be effective and safe in randomized trial in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, there are limited real-life data on atezolizumab. In this study, we aimed to determine the real-life efficacy and safety of atezolizumab combined with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage SCLC. METHODS: This trial is a retrospective multicenter study of the Turkish Oncology Group, which included extensive-stage SCLC patients who received atezolizumab combined with chemotherapy in a first-line treatment. The characteristics of the patients, treatment and response rates, and PFS and OS are presented. Factors associated with PFS and OS were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 213 patients at the 30 oncology centers were included. The median number of chemotherapy cycle was 5 (1-8) and atezolizumab cycle was 7 (1-32). After median 11.9 months of follow-up, median PFS and OS was 6.8 months (95%CI 5.7-7.8), and 11.9 months (95%CI 11-12.7), respectively. The ORR was 61.9%. ECOG-PS (p = 0.002) and number of metastatic sites (p = 0.001) were associated with PFS and pack-year of smoking (p = 0.05), while ECOG-PS (p = 0.03) and number of metastatic sites (p = 0.001) were associated with OS. Hematological side effects were common and toxicities were manageable. CONCLUSION: This real-life data confirm the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab in combination with chemotherapy in first-line treatment of extensive-stage SCLC.

HALP Score as a New Prognostic Index in Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prognostic significance of the new index, designed by formulating hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) counts in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Medical Oncology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey and Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey, from January 2014 to April 2020. METHODOLOGY: Patients with metastatic RCC and sufficient follow-up data were included in the study as a retrospective cohort. HALP score was calculated as hemoglobin (g/L) × albumin (g/L) levels × lymphocyte count (/L)/platelet count (/L). The cut-off value was determined by examining the area under the ROC curve for the HALP value. The endpoints of this study included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: The mean overall survival (OS) of the patients with low HALP score was 17.7 months (95% CI, 2.21 - 33.18), while the OS of the patients with high HALP score was 89.7 months (95% CI, 55.62 - 123.77) and reached statistical significance (p=0.001). The results of univariate (p = 0.009) and multivariate (p=0.012) analyses were statistically significant as well. CONCLUSION: The HALP score in metastatic RCC patients was closely related to the prognosis. Worse OS was found in patients with a low HALP score. Key Words: HALP score, Overall survival, Progression-free survival, Renal cell carcinoma.

The Effect of Palliative Invasive Interventions on Overall Survival in the Last 3 Months of Life in Metastatic Gastric Cancer.

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer is one of the biologically aggressive and highly mortal cancers. In addition to limited treatment options, especially in advanced stages, palliative treatment methods are applied to increase patients' quality of life with gastric cancer. This study aims to discuss the effects of paracentesis, thoracentesis, tube thoracostomy, double J catheter nephrostomy, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), and abscess drainage catheter placement procedures applied in the last 3 months for problems requiring palliation, in the light of literature. METHOD: The patient characteristics of the patients and, in addition, the history of any invasive intervention for palliative treatment in the last 3 months were questioned and recorded with the electronic medical record system. The effect of an invasive intervention on survival was examined. The data of patients with metastatic gastric cancer followed in the medical oncology clinic between February 2012 and May 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, in which the effect of palliative invasive intervention (PIG) stories on survival in the last 3 months of life of patients diagnosed with metastatic gastric cancer was examined, no significant difference was found between those who underwent PIG and those who did not, in terms of overall survival. However, since PIG was not included in the design of our study, the effect of PIG in terms of quality of life, mood, motivation of patient relatives, and the cost is unknown. RESULTS: In the final analysis, it was noted that 143 (94.1%) of the 152 patients included in the study died and 9 (5.9%) were still alive. Overall survival of all patients was reported as 12.9 months (95% CI, 10.9-14.9). The mean overall survival of 36 patients who underwent palliative invasive intervention (PIG) in the last 3 months was 13.0 months (95% CI, 9.1-17.0), and a similar 13.0 months (95% CI, 10.6-15.3) of 116 patients who did not undergo PIG no significant difference was found (p: 0.887).

Palliative Biliary Drainage Has No Effect on Survival in Pancreatic Cancer: Medical Oncology Perspective.

PURPOSE: Removal of obstructive jaundice in metastatic pancreatic cancer is an important part of palliative therapy. However, it is not known whether invasive procedures reduce cancer-related mortality. In this study, the effect of palliative biliary drainage on survival outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients was evaluated. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and undergoing biliary drainage in two different centers between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Biliary drainage was applied to 73 patients, constituting 20.6% of 355 patients included in the study. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with biliary stent was 5 months, while the median PFS of patients without stenting was 5.5 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 11.1 and 11.5 months, respectively (p: 0.424, p: 0.802). CONCLUSIONS: A positive effect of palliative biliary drainage on median PFS and OS could not be demonstrated in our study group. In pancreatic cancer, predictive markers are needed to select patients who can derive a survival benefit from biliary drainage.

Could the Inflammatory Prognostic Index Predict the Efficacy of Regorafenib in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer?

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical importance of the inflammatory prognostic index (IPI) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 65 metastatic CRC patients treated with regorafenib between 2015 and 2020 was performed. The association between NLR, PNLR, IPI, and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated. RESULTS: According to the cut-off points, patients were divided into two groups. The patients in the high IPI group showed poorer OS compared to patients in the low IPI groups. The PFS was better in patients with low neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (PNLR), and the OS was better in patients with low IPI. CONCLUSION: Among the immune inflammation scores analyzed in mCRC patients receiving regorafenib, NLR and PNLR were the best predictor of recurrence, whereas IPI was the best predictor of long-term survival. After being confirmed by better designed controlled trials, IPI can be used to identify the group of patients who will benefit more from regorafenib treatment.

Effect of mobile phone app-based training on the quality of life for women with breast cancer.

PURPOSE: The study purpose was to determine the effects on quality of life (QoL) of a mobile phone app-based training for supportive care of women with breast cancer who were using adjuvant endocrine hormonal therapy. METHODS: The study is based on a randomized pre-post test design. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group that received routine care or an intervention group that received routine care plus access to the mobile phone app-based training support for 12 weeks. QoL and symptom distress were measured before intervention (T0), and after 12 weeks (T1) of intervention. This study is the application of two modality combinations: the mobile app-based patient education (1) and web-based management application (2). The mobile app-based training also provided basic information about breast cancer, symptom diary and lifestyle recommendations (adequate and balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, deal with stress effectively). RESULTS: QoL of the treatment group after intervention increased and distress level was lower compared to the control group; these results were statistically significant. The majority of the patients reported that the mobile application was "informative and useful". CONCLUSIONS: This demonstrated that the mobile app is an effective intervention for supportive care in women with breast cancer. The mobile app-based training, which is an innovative intervention, is recommended as a supportive care initiative for women with breast cancer.

Can Albumin Bilirubin Ratio and Inflammatory Prognostic Index Be A New Marker Determining Survival in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer?

OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of our study is to analyze the predictive and prognostic value of inflammatory prognostic index (IPI (using albumin, CRP, neutrophils and lymphocytes) and albumin / bilirubin ratio in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients in addition to other markers currently used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of patients with pancreatic cancer treated in Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty Hospital Medical Oncology Clinic between February 2012 and April 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic variables such as age, gender, performance status (PS), treatments, histopathology type, localization of metastasis, comorbidity were recorded by an electronic medical record system. Patients performance status were recorded according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). A total of 110 pancreatic cancer patients were reviewed. The IPI was calculated as C-reactive protein × NLR (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio)/serum albumin. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of relevant factors. RESULTS: Median OS of all patients was 6 months. The NLR cut off value we calculated was 3,47. The median OS of 47 (49,4%) patients was 8 months (95 % cl. 8,673- 15,383) with NLR < 3,47 and median OS of 48 (50,6%) patients was 4 months (95 % cl. 4,221-7,523) with NLR ≥ 3,47 (P: 0,001). The cut off value calculated for the IPI was 0,79. The median OS of 24 (25,8 %) patients was 8 months (95 % cl. 7,475-18,814) with IPI < 0,79 andmedian OS of 69 (74,2 %) patients was 5 months (95 % cl. 5,774-9,580) with IPI ≥ 0,79 (P: 0,047). The ABR cut off value we calculated was 5,23. The median OS of 45 (47,3 %) patients was 4 months (95 % cl. 8,879- 15,174) with ABR ≥ 5,23 and median OS of 50 (42,7 %) patients was 9 months (95 % cl. 4,015-7,585) with ABR < 5,23 (p< 0.001) (Figure 1). According to this analyses, presenting with jaundice, peritoneum metastasis, CA19.9 and LDH values higher than cut off, high NLR, high IPI and high ABR were also significantly associated with OS. In multivariate analyses, ABR was an independent prognostic factor in PC. Patients with high ABR (> 5,23) had increases in the risk of death compared with those with low ABR (< 5,23) (HR, 0,305; 95 % CI, 0,176-0,531; p: 0.000). Alongside ABR, CA-19.9 (HR, 2,300; 95 % CI, 1,111-4,764; p: 0,025) and LDH (HR, 3,348; 95 % CI, 1,792-6,253; p: 0.000) were an independent prognostic factor in PC. CONCLUSION: In this study, we demonstrated that both IPI and ABR, which were not evaluated in PC before, are non-invasive, cheap, accessible, and easily formulated parameters in determining the prognosis. Especially the fact that ABR is an independent prognostic indicator in multivariate analysis makes it stronger. Although we are aware that our study is retrospective, we hope that the reliability of these scores will increase if it is done with more patient series and if it is done multicenter.